| Gary Ridgway | |
|---|---|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Gary Leon Ridgway |
| Also known as | Green River Gary The Green River Killer The Riverman |
| Born | February 18, 1949 Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |
| Conviction | Murder, Solicitation |
| Sentence | Life imprisonment without parole |
| Killings | |
| Number of victims: | Convicted of 49, confessed to 71, presumed to be 90+ |
| Span of killings | 1982–1998 confirmed, but could be as recent as 2001 |
| Country | United States |
| State(s) | Washington |
| Date apprehended | November 30, 2001 |
Gary Leon Ridgway (born February 18, 1949) is an American serial killer known as the Green River Killer. He murdered numerous women in Washington during the 1980s and 1990s, earning his nickname when the first five victims were found in the Green River.[1] He strangled them, usually with his arm but sometimes using ligatures. After strangling the women, he would dump their bodies throughout forested and overgrown areas in King County.[2]
On November 30, 2001, as he was leaving the Renton, Washington Kenworth Truck factory where he worked, he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence.[2] As part of a plea bargain wherein he agreed to disclose the whereabouts of still missing women, he was spared the death penalty and received a sentence of life imprisonment without parole.
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Ridgway was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Mary Rita Steinman and Thomas Newton Ridgway.[3] He has two brothers—Gregory Leon and Thomas Edward. He was raised in the McMicken Heights neighborhood of SeaTac, Washington.
Ridgway's homelife was somewhat troubled; relatives have described his mother as domineering and have said that young Ridgway witnessed more than one violent argument between his parents.[4] As a boy Ridgway had a habit of wetting the bed. His mother would often be the one to discover the accidents and would bathe him immediately. She would belittle him and embarrass him in front of his family. From a young age, Ridgway had conflicting feelings of sexual attraction and anger toward her.[5]
As a young child, Ridgway was tested with an I.Q. of 82, signifying low intelligence, and his academic performance in school was so poor that at one point in high school he had to repeat a year in order to pass. His classmates at Tyee High School describe him as congenial but largely forgettable. His teenage years, however, were troubled; when he was 16, he stabbed a six-year-old boy, who survived the attack. He had led the boy into the woods and then stabbed him through the ribs into his liver.[3] According to the victim and Ridgway himself, Ridgway walked away laughing and saying, "I always wondered what it would be like to kill someone."
At age 20, after graduating from high school, Ridgway joined the Navy.[6] After graduation, he married his high school girlfriend, Claudia Barrows, and was sent to Vietnam, where he served onboard a supply ship[7] and saw combat.[4] During his time in the military, Ridgway began spending a lot of time with prostitutes and contracted gonorrhea for the second time. This angered him, but he continued to have unprotected sex with prostitutes. Meanwhile, his wife Claudia, alone and 19 years old, began dating again, and the marriage quickly ended within a year.[3]
When questioned about Ridgway after his arrest, friends and family described him as friendly but strange. His first two marriages resulted in divorce because of infidelities by both partners. His second wife, Marcia Winslow, claimed that he had placed her in a chokehold.[8] Ridgway had become fanatically religious during his second marriage, proselytizing door-to-door, reading the Bible aloud at work and at home, and insisting that Marcia follow the strict teachings of their church pastor.[3] Ridgway would also frequently cry after sermons or reading the Bible.[9] Ridgway continued to solicit the services of prostitutes during this marriage and also wanted Marcia to participate in sex in public and inappropriate places, sometimes even in areas where his victims' bodies had been discovered.[3]
According to Time Magazine writer Terry McCarthy, Ridgway had an insatiable sexual appetite. His three ex-wives and several old girlfriends reported that Ridgway demanded sex from them several times a day.[9] Often he would want to have sex in a public area or in the woods.[3] Ridgway himself admitted to having a fixation with prostitutes,[10] with whom he had a love-hate relationship. He frequently complained about their presence in his neighborhood, but he also took advantage of their services regularly. It has been speculated that Ridgway was torn between his uncontrollable lusts and his staunch religious beliefs.[9]
In 1975 his second wife gave birth to his son, Matthew.[11]
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Ridgway is believed to have murdered at least 71 women (according to Ridgway, in an interview with Sheriff Reichert 2001) near Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. His court statements later reported that he had killed so many, he lost count. A majority of the murders occurred between 1982 and 1984. The victims were believed to be either prostitutes or runaways picked up along Pacific Highway South (International Blvd. 99) whom he strangled. Most of their bodies were dumped in wooded areas around the Green River except for two confirmed and another two suspected victims found in the Portland, Oregon area. The bodies were often left in clusters, sometimes posed, usually nude. He would sometimes return to the victims' bodies and have intercourse with them (an act of necrophilia). Because most of the bodies were not discovered until only the skeletons remained, four victims are still unidentified. Ridgway occasionally contaminated the dump sites with gum, cigarettes, and written materials belonging to others, and he even transported a few victims' remains across state lines into Oregon to confuse the police.
Ridgway began each murder by picking up a woman, usually a prostitute. He sometimes showed the woman a picture of his son, to help her trust him. After having sex with her, Ridgway strangled her from behind. He initially strangled them manually. However, many victims inflicted wounds and bruises on his arm while trying to defend themselves. Concerned these wounds and bruises would draw attention, Ridgway began using ligatures to strangle his victims. Most victims were killed in his home, his truck, or a secluded area.[2]
In the early 1980s, the King County Sheriff's Office formed the Green River Task Force to investigate the murders. The most notable members of the task force were Robert Keppel and Dave Reichert, who periodically interviewed incarcerated serial killer Ted Bundy from 1984. Their interviews with Bundy were of little help in the Green River investigations but elicited confessions from Bundy on unsolved cases. Also contributing was John E. Douglas, who has since written much on the subject of the Green River Killer.
Ridgway was arrested in 1982 and 2001 on charges related to prostitution. He became a suspect in 1983 in the Green River killings. In 1984, Ridgway took and passed a polygraph test, and on April 7, 1987, police took hair and saliva samples from Ridgway.
Around 1985, Ridgway began dating Judith Mawson, who became his third wife in 1988. Mawson claimed in a 2010 television interview that when she moved into his house while they were dating, there was no carpet. Detectives later told her he had probably wrapped a body in the carpet.[12] In the same interview, she described how he would leave for work early in the morning some days, ostensibly for the overtime pay. Mawson speculated that he must have committed some of the murders while supposedly working these early morning shifts. She claimed that she had not suspected Ridgway's crimes before he was contacted by authorities in 1987, and in fact had not even heard of the Green River Killer before that time because she didn't watch the news.[12]
Author Pennie Morehead says that when she interviewed Ridgway in prison, he said his urge to kill was reduced while he was in a relationship with Mawson, causing him to commit fewer murders than he otherwise would have, and that he truly loved her.[12] Mawson told a local television reporter, "I feel I have saved lives ... by being his wife and making him happy."[13]
The samples collected in 1987 were later subjected to a DNA analysis, providing the evidence for his arrest warrant. On November 30, 2001, Ridgway was at the Kenworth Truck factory, where he worked as a spray painter, when police arrived to arrest him. Ridgway was arrested on suspicion of murder of four women nearly 20 years after first being identified as a potential suspect when DNA evidence conclusively linked semen left in the victims to the saliva swab taken by the police. The four victims named in the original indictment were Marcia Chapman, Opal Mills, Cynthia Hinds, and Carol Ann Christensen. Three more victims—Wendy Coffield, Debra Bonner, and Debra Estes—were added to the indictment after a forensic scientist identified microscopic spray paint spheres as a specific brand and composition of paint used at the Kenworth factory during the specific time frame when these victims were killed.[12]
Early in August 2003, Seattle television news reported that Ridgway had been moved from a maximum security cell at King County Jail to an undisclosed location. Other news reports stated that his lawyers, led by Anthony Savage, were closing a plea bargain that would spare him the death penalty in return for his confession to a number of the Green River murders.
On November 5, 2003, Ridgway entered a guilty plea to 48 charges of aggravated first degree murder as part of a plea bargain, agreed to in June, that would spare him execution in exchange for his cooperation in locating the remains of his victims and providing other details. In his statement accompanying his guilty plea, Ridgway explained that all of his victims had been killed inside King County, Washington, and that he had transported and dumped the remains of the two women near Portland to confuse the police.
Deputy prosecutor Jeffrey Baird noted in court that the deal contained "the names of 41 victims who would not be the subject of State v. Ridgway if it were not for the plea agreement." King County Prosecuting Attorney Norm Maleng explained his decision to make the deal:
| “ | We could have gone forward with seven counts, but that is all we could have ever hoped to solve. At the end of that trial, whatever the outcome, there would have been lingering doubts about the rest of these crimes. This agreement was the avenue to the truth. And in the end, the search for the truth is still why we have a criminal justice system ... Gary Ridgway does not deserve our mercy. He does not deserve to live. The mercy provided by today's resolution is directed not at Ridgway, but toward the families who have suffered so much ...[14] | ” |
On December 18, 2003, King County Superior Court Judge Richard Jones sentenced Ridgway to 48 life sentences with no possibility of parole and one life sentence, to be served consecutively. He was also sentenced to an additional 10 years for tampering with evidence for each of the 48 victims, adding 480 years to his 48 life sentences.
Ridgway led prosecutors to three bodies in 2003. On August 16 of that year, the remains of a 16-year-old female found near Enumclaw, Washington, 40 feet from State Route 410, were pronounced as belonging to Pammy Annette Avent, who had been believed to be a victim of the Green River Killer. The remains of Marie Malvar and April Buttram were found in September. On November 23, 2005, The Associated Press reported that a weekend hiker found the skull of one of the 48 women Ridgway admitted murdering in his 2003 plea bargain with King County prosecutors. The skull of Tracy Winston, who was 19 when she disappeared from Northgate Mall on September 12, 1983, was found by a man hiking in a wooded area near Highway 18 near Issaquah, southeast of Seattle.
Ridgway confessed to more confirmed murders than any other American serial killer. Over a period of five months of police and prosecutor interviews, he confessed to 48 murders—42 of which were on the police's list of probable Green River Killer victims.[15] On February 9, 2004, county prosecutors began to release the videotape records of Ridgway's confessions. In one taped interview, he told investigators initially that he was responsible for the deaths of 65 women, but in another taped interview with Reichert on December 31, 2003, Ridgway claimed to have murdered 71 victims and confessed to having had sex with them prior to killing them, a detail which he did not reveal until after his sentencing.[16] In his confession, he acknowledged that he targeted prostitutes because they were "easy to pick up and that he hated most of them."[17] He also confessed that he had sex with his victims' bodies after he murdered them, but claimed he began burying the later victims so that he could resist the urge to commit necrophilia.[18]
Ridgway talked to and tried to make his victims comfortable before he committed the murders. In his own words, "I would talk to her... and get her mind off of the, sex, anything she was nervous about. And think, you know, she thinks, 'Oh, this guy cares'... which I didn't. I just want to, uh, get her in the vehicle and eventually kill her."[19]
Later in a statement Ridgway said that murdering young women was his "career".[20]
Ridgway is incarcerated at Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla, Washington.
Before Ridgway's confession, authorities had attributed 49 murders to the Green River Killer.[21] As mentioned above, Ridgway confessed to murdering as many as 71 victims.
At the time of his December 18, 2003 sentencing, authorities had been able to find 48 sets of remains, including victims not originally attributed to the Green River Killer. Ridgway was sentenced for the deaths of each of these 48 victims, with a plea agreement that he would "plead guilty to any and all future cases (in King County) where his confession could be corroborated by reliable evidence."[22]
| # | Name | Age | Disappeared | Found |
| 1 | Wendy Lee Coffield | 16 | July 8, 1982 | July 15, 1982 |
| 2 | Gisele Ann Lovvorn | 17 | July 17, 1982 | September 25, 1982 |
| 3 | Debra Lynn Bonner | 23 | July 25, 1982 | August 12, 1982 |
| 4 | Marcia Fay Chapman | 31 | August 1, 1982 | August 15, 1982 |
| 5 | Cynthia Jean Hinds | 17 | August 11, 1982 | August 15, 1982 |
| 6 | Opal Charmaine Mills | 16 | August 12, 1982 | August 15, 1982 |
| 7 | Terry Rene Milligan | 16 | August 29, 1982 | April 1, 1984 |
| 8 | Mary Bridget Meehan | 18 | September 15, 1982 | November 13, 1983 |
| 9 | Debra Lorraine Estes | 15 | September 20, 1982 | May 30, 1988 |
| 10 | Linda Jane Rule | 16 | September 26, 1982 | January 31, 1983 |
| 11 | Denise Darcel Bush | 23 | October 8, 1982 | June 12, 1985 |
| 12 | Shawnda Leea Summers | 16 | October 9, 1982 | August 11, 1983 |
| 13 | Shirley Marie Sherrill | 18 | October 20–22, 1982 | June 1985 |
| 14 | Rebecca "Becky" Marrero | 20 | December 3, 1982 | December 21, 2010 |
| 15 | Colleen Renee Brockman | 15 | December 24, 1982 | May 26, 1984 |
| 16 | Alma Ann Smith | 18 | March 3, 1983 | April 2, 1984 |
| 17 | Delores LaVerne Williams | 17 | March 8–14, 1983 | March 31, 1984 |
| 18 | Gail Lynn Mathews | 23 | April 10, 1983 | September 18, 1983 |
| 19 | Andrea M. Childers | 19 | April 14, 1983 | October 11, 1989 |
| 20 | Sandra Kay Gabbert | 17 | April 17, 1983 | April 1, 1984 |
| 21 | Kimi-Kai Pitsor | 16 | April 17, 1983 | December 15, 1983 |
| 22 | Marie M. Malvar | 18 | April 30, 1983 | September 26, 2003 |
| 23 | Carol Ann Christensen | 21 | May 3, 1983 | May 8, 1983 |
| 24 | Martina Theresa Authorlee | 18 | May 22, 1983 | November 14, 1984 |
| 25 | Cheryl Lee Wims | 18 | May 23, 1983 | March 22, 1984 |
| 26 | Yvonne "Shelly" Antosh | 19 | May 31, 1983 | October 15, 1983 |
| 27 | Carrie Ann Rois | 15 | May 31 – June 13, 1983 | March 10, 1985 |
| 28 | Constance Elizabeth Naon | 19 | June 8, 1983 | October 27, 1983 |
| 29 | Kelly Marie Ware | 22 | July 18, 1983 | October 29, 1983 |
| 30 | Tina Marie Thompson | 21 | July 25, 1983 | April 20, 1984 |
| 31 | April Dawn Buttram | 16 | August 18, 1983 | August 30, 2003 |
| 32 | Debbie May Abernathy | 26 | September 5, 1983 | March 31, 1984 |
| 33 | Tracy Ann Winston | 19 | September 12, 1983 | March 27, 1986 |
| 34 | Maureen Sue Feeney | 19 | September 28, 1983 | May 2, 1986 |
| 35 | Mary Sue Bello | 25 | October 11, 1983 | October 12, 1984 |
| 36 | Pammy Annette Avent | 15 | October 26, 1983 | August 16, 2003 |
| 37 | Delise Louise Plager | 22 | October 30, 1983 | February 14, 1984 |
| 38 | Kimberly L. Nelson | 21 | November 1, 1983 | June 14, 1986 |
| 39 | Lisa Yates | 19 | December 23, 1983 | March 13, 1984 |
| 40 | Mary Exzetta West | 16 | February 6, 1984 | September 8, 1985 |
| 41 | Cindy Anne Smith | 17 | March 21, 1984 | June 27, 1987 |
| 42 | Patricia Michelle Barczak | 19 | October 17, 1986 | February 1993 |
| 43 | Roberta Joseph Hayes | 21 | Last seen leaving a Portland, Oregon jail on February 7, 1987 | September 11, 1991 |
| 44 | Marta Reeves | 36 | March 5, 1990 | September 20, 1990 |
| 45 | Patricia Yellowrobe | 38 | January 1998 | August 6, 1998 |
| 46 | Unidentified White Female | 12–17 | Died prior to May 1983 | March 21, 1984 |
| 47 | Unidentified Black Female | 18–27 | 1982–1984 | December 30, 1985 |
| 48 | Unidentified White Female | 14–18 | December 1980 – January 1984 | January 2, 1986 |
| 49 | Unidentified Female | 13–24 | 1973–1993 | August 2003 |
Ridgway is suspected of—but not charged with—murdering the remaining six victims of the original list attributed to the Green River Killer.[21] Either Ridgway did not confess to the victim's death, or authorities have not been able to corroborate with reliable evidence.
| Name | Age | Disappeared | Found |
| Amina Agisheff | 35 | July 7, 1982 | April 18, 1984 |
| Kasee Ann Lee (Woods) | 16 | August 28, 1982 | not yet found |
| Tammie Liles | 16 | June 9, 1983 | April 1985 |
| Keli Kay McGinness | 18 | June 28, 1983 | not yet found |
| Angela Marie Girdner | 16 | July 1983 | April 22, 1985 |
| Patricia Osborn | 19? | October 20, 1983? | not yet found |
Ridgway has been considered a suspect in the disappearances/murders of five other women not attributed at the time to the Green River Killer. No charges have been filed.
| Name | Age | Disappeared | Found |
| Kristi Lynn Vorak | 13 | October 31, 1982 | not yet found |
| Patricia Ann Leblanc | 15 | August 12, 1983 | not yet found |
| Rose Marie Kurran[29] | 16 | August 26, 1987 | August 1987 |
| Darci Warde | 16 | April 24, 1990 | not yet found |
| Cora McGuirk | 22 | July 12, 1991 | not yet found |
In addition to movies, many books have been written about the Green River murders and Gary Ridgway himself. Along with these known novels, there are countless numbers of books that Green River killings are featured in. Renowned thriller novelist Ann Rule wrote Green River, Running Red. Others include The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer by Robert D. Keppel; Chasing the Devil by Sheriff David Reichert; Case of the Green River Killer by Diane Yancey; Defending Gary: Unraveling the Mind of the Green River Killer by Mark Prothero with help from Carlton Smith; Search for the Green River Killer by Carlton Smith with help from Tom Guillen; Green River Serial Killer: Biography of an Unsuspecting Wife by Pennie Morehead, telling the story of his third wife and her struggles with the truth; The Green River Killer by the King County Journal Staff; Serial Killers: Issues Explored Through Green River Murders by Tomas Guillen; and a graphic novel, Green River Killer by Jeff Jensen and Jonathan Case.